UN calls on Israel to end support of settler attacks on West Bank

(Reuters) – The United Nations human rights office on Tuesday called on Israel to halt its support of attacks by settlers in the occupied West Bank, which has seen an uptick of raids by Israel since the Hamas-led Oct. 7 attack.

The call came a day after Israeli settlers shot dead two Palestinians in the West Bank on Monday, after Israeli forces killed a Palestinian teenager during a military raid.

“Israel, as the occupying power, must take all measures in its power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety in the occupied West Bank,” said Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights.

“This obligation includes protecting Palestinians from settler attacks, and ending unlawful use of force against Palestinians by the Israeli Security Forces.”

She added: “The Israeli Security Forces must immediately end their active participation in and support for settler attacks on Palestinians.”

Violence in the West Bank was already on the rise before Israel’s assault on Gaza, which was triggered by an Oct. 7 Hamas-led attack on southern Israel. It has escalated since, with stepped-up Israeli military raids, settler violence and Palestinian street attacks.

Shamdasani described the escalating violence in the West Bank as “a matter of grave concern.”

In addition to more than 33,000 Palestinians killed by Israel in Gaza, according to Hamas-run authorities, the Palestinian Health Ministry says at least 466 people in the West Bank have been killed by Israeli forces or settlers.

الأمم المتحدة: “لم يطرأ تغيير ملموس” على حجم المساعدات لغزة

أكدت وكالة غوث وتشغيل اللاجئين الفلسطينيين (أونروا)، الثلاثاء، أنه “لم يطرأ أي تغيير ملموس” على حجم المساعدات الإنسانية التي تدخل قطاع غزة.

وقالت الوكالة، في بيان، إن “181 شاحنة مساعدات تعبر إلى غزة يوميا” عبر المعابر البرية مع إسرائيل ومصر في أبريل الجاري.

وأشار البيان إلى أن هذه الشاحنات “لا تزال أقل بكثير من القدرة التشغيلية لكل من المعابر الحدودية والهدف المتمثل بـ 500 شاحنة يوميا”.

الأسبوع الماضي، قال وزير الدفاع الإسرائيلي يوآف غالانت للصحفيين إن إسرائيل تخطط لـ”إغراق غزة بالمساعدات” وزيادة المساعدات إلى 500 شاحنة يوميا.

وقال هيئة وزارة الدفاع المسؤولة عن تنسيق الشؤون الفلسطينية (كوغات) إن 126 شاحنة دخلت قطاع غزة ليل الإثنين-الثلاثاء، وأن 237 شاحنة دخلت إلى غزة الإثنين.

ولطالما حثت مؤسسات الإغاثة والحكومات الأجنبية بما فيها الولايات المتحدة، إسرائيل على إعادة فتح المعابر الحدودية إلى شمال غزة حيث تفيد التقارير أن الازمة الإنسانية هناك أشد خطورة.

واندلعت الحرب على إثر هجوم غير مسبوق نفذته حركة حماس في السابع من أكتوبر على الأراضي الإسرائيلية من غزة وأدى إلى مقتل 1170 شخصًا، معظمهم من المدنيين، حسب أرقام لوكالة فرانس برس استنادا إلى بيانات إسرائيلية رسمية.

وردا على ذلك، توعدت إسرائيل بـ”القضاء” على حماس التي تسيطر على غزة منذ 2007 وتعتبرها إسرائيل والولايات المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي “إرهابية”.

وأدت الحرب إلى مقتل 33843 شخصا في القطاع، غالبيتهم من النساء والأطفال، بحسب وزارة الصحة التابعة لحماس.

(المصدر: سكاي نيوز عربيه)

صحف عالمية: التصعيد مع إيران ألقى بظلاله على حرب غزة ومنح نتنياهو متنفسا

تناولت الصحافة العالمية في متابعاتها خلال الساعات الأخيرة الهجوم الإيراني على إسرائيل وتأثيراته على حرب الاحتلال في قطاع غزة، وأكثر السيناريوهات واقعية بشأن رده على هذا الهجوم.

ومساء يوم السبت، أطلقت إيران نحو 350 صاروخا وطائرة مسيّرة تجاه إسرائيل، زعمت تل أبيب أنها اعترضت 99% منها، في حين قالت طهران إن نصف الصواريخ أصابت أهدافا إسرائيلية بنجاح.

وهذا أول هجوم تشنه إيران مباشرة من أراضيها على إسرائيل، وليس عبر جماعات موالية لها من بينها حزب الله في لبنان، وجاء ردا على هجوم استهدف القسم القنصلي في السفارة الإيرانية بدمشق مطلع أبريل/نيسان الجاري.

ورأت صحيفة نيويورك تايمز أن التصعيد مع إيران ألقى بظلاله على سير الحرب الإسرائيلية على قطاع غزة، مشيرة إلى انقسام المحليين العسكريين في إسرائيل بشأن ما إذا كانت المواجهة المباشرة مع إيران قد تغير مسار الحرب، أو تؤثر على قرار غزو مدينة رفح.

وقالت الصحيفة إن التساؤلات حول مصير الحرب في غزة برزت في اللحظة التي بدأت فيها إسرائيل وحلفاؤها التصدي للصواريخ والمسيرات الإيرانية.

وفي الموضوع ذاته، أشار تحليل في صحيفة واشنطن بوست إلى تراجع غزة من صدارة الأخبار الدولية بسبب التوتر بين إيران وإسرائيل، لافتا إلى أن رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي بنيامين نتنياهو يستغل المواجهة مع إيران كمتنفس له.

وأعاد التصدي الدولي للصواريخ الإيرانية -حسب واشنطن بوست- تذكير الإسرائيليين بالدعم الثابت لبلادهم دولياً وإقليمياً، في حين رأت أن التصعيد بين إيران وإسرائيل يعتبر عودة إلى الوضع القائم قبل السابع من أكتوبر/تشرين الأول الماضي، بالنسبة للفلسطينيين.

ضرورة الرد رغم التكلفة

في حين دعت صحيفة جيروزاليم بوست في افتتاحيتها إسرائيل إلى ضرورة الرد على إيران لتأكيد قوتها من جديد، مضيفة أن الانتقام وإن كان مكلفا، لكن ثمن التقاعس عن الفعل سيكون أشد فداحة، نظرا لعدوان إيران المستمر، والتقدم الذي تحرزه في برنامجها النووي، حسب الصحيفة.

بدوره، رأى الكاتب يوسي ميلمان في صحيفة هآرتس الإسرائيلية أن تداعيات الهجوم الإيراني فرصة لإسرائيل لإنهاء حروبها على جميع الجبهات، مضيفا “إيران أوضحت أن هذه الجولةَ ستنتهي إذا لم ترد إسرائيل، وعلى قادة إسرائيل التصرف بحكمة وتفادي التورط في مغامرة خطيرة”.

بينما سلط مقال في الفايننشال تايمز الضوء على ما يصفه بمأزق الرئيس الأميركي جو بايدن مع إسرائيل، وقال إن أميركا تتفق مع إسرائيل في اعتبار إيران خطرا كبيرا، لكنها تختلف معها في طريقة مواجهتِها.

ولفت المقال إلى أن الإلحاح الأميركي على إسرائيل لعدم مهاجمة إيران نجح حتى الآن، لكن إسرائيل مصممة على الرد، مدفوعة بقناعتها أن واشنطن لن تتخلى عنها، مضيفا أن الحماية الأميركية يجب ألا تكون صكا على بياض لإسرائيل.

وفي سياق متصل، سلطت صحيفة الغارديان الضوء على مظاهرات عارمة شهدتها مدن أميركية أمس الاثنين احتجاجاً على حرب إسرائيل على غزة، وعلى الدعم الأميركي المستمر لها.

وتفيد الصحيفة أن آلافا خرجوا في المدن والولايات من نيويورك إلى سان فرنسيسكو، في مظاهرات أدت إلى اضطرابات في الرحلات الجوية واختناقات مرورية، بسبب إغلاق العديد من الطرق.

المصدر : الجزيرة

Yale students launch hunger strike over school’s connection to Gaza assault

MICHAEL ARRIA

Fourteen students at Yale University are on a hunger strike over the school’s connection to arms manufacturers currently supplying Israel with weaponry.

The group sent Yale University Peter Salovey a letter declaring that their strike would begin if the school did not take immediate action on the issue.

“We here at Yale University have witnessed this ongoing genocide from the comforts of not only the heart of the empire that is funding the military conquest and colonization of Palestine, but from the distance and security provided by the investments of this University which profit from this mass ethnic cleansing,” it reads. “Our existence in this University and this country are ones defined by necropolitics. Our lives here exist as they do because of the investment in the deaths of Palestinians by Yale and the US government.”

“We now make a direct demand. With the death toll of the genocide climbing daily in Gaza and the invasion of Rafah set to cause catastrophe, it is your moral responsibility to remove our institution from the list of those supporting genocide,” the letter continues.” History will remember. We demand that by the morning of this Friday, 4/12/2024, you make a public statement committing to divest from all weapons manufacturing companies contributing to Israel’s assault on Palestine. We demand that at next Saturday’s Yale Corporation board meeting, you and the rest of the board discuss plans for divestment and release a public statement acknowledging that the board has done so.”

Some of the strikers also wrote their own letters to Salovey.

“You do not talk to the students because you know we are right,” reads one. “You know that you are on the wrong side of history. Years from now, you will apologize for your silence, which will be too late.”

The strike was organized to coincide with “Bulldog Days,” the week when prospective high school students visit the school to consider attending.

A press release put out by the group notes that the school divested from companies connected to the Darfur genocide in 2006 but hasn’t made similar efforts in response to the situation in Gaza.

Students have been demanding that Yale divest from weapons manufacturers for years, but calls have increased since Israel’s assault on Gaza began last fall. In October 2023, hundreds of Yale students held a campus-wide walkout on the issue.

“By walking out, we are joining classmates and colleagues across the campus and across the world to demand an immediate end to Israel’s genocidal siege on Gaza, an end to U.S. funding for the occupation, and an end to the illegitimate Zionist occupation of Palestinian land,” wrote the student group Yalies4Palestine, in an Instagram post promoting the event. We demand an end to Yale University’s support of the Israeli war machine through its affiliation with weapons manufacturers such as Lockheed Martin.”

Yale isn’t the first university to see a hunger strike for Palestine on its campus. Brown University students completed an 8-day hunger strike in February, calling on the school to divest its endowment from companies that profit from Israeli atrocities. Last month students at the University of South Florida refused to eat for 17 days over their school’s investments with Israel.

University protests have exploded across the country since Israel began attacking Gaza. The boom in activism has led to campus crackdowns and a pervasive climate of suppression. In recent weeks four Columbia students were suspended and evicted from university housing for organizing an “unauthorized” pro-Palestine event, the group Palestine Legal filed a federal civil rights complaint over UNC-Chapel Hill’s “systemic pattern” of discriminatory treatment against Palestinian students, and Vanderbilt expelled four students for occupying a university hallway during a protest.

(Source: Mondoweiss)

The aftermath: Winners and losers in Iran’s retaliation against Israel

Burak Elmali

– Civilians facing Israel’s genocidal undertaking in Gaza are on the losing side, as attack shifted world’s attention and redirected role of villain to Iran

– The author is a researcher at TRT World Research Centre, based in Istanbul, Türkiye.

ISTANBUL

On April 13, Iran responded to Israel’s April 1 bombardment of its consulate in Damascus in which seven senior Revolutionary Guard members, including two generals, lost their lives. Iran’s retaliation, launched from its territory, involved dozens of UAVs and cruise missiles. Even though the ordnance was impressive numerically speaking, almost all were intercepted by Israel’s Iron Dome and allied air defense systems, resulting in no casualties.

Tehran’s advocates in the region highlight that this is the first time Iran has targeted Israel directly without resorting to its regional proxies. Irrespective of the impact of such a decision on Tehran’s modus operandi, this episode uncovered many winners and losers.

2 winners

The biggest winner of this move is Israel, especially Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In recent weeks, Netanyahu has irritated many of his usual supporters in Western political circles. Netanyahu used the opportunity presented by Iran’s retaliation to refresh the Western pledge to continue backing Israel militarily and politically.

Through this message to the United States and key European countries, which have been unwaveringly supporting Israel since the beginning of the war, Netanyahu successfully deflected discussions of his political fate and his genocidal undertaking in Gaza, which last month drew harsh criticism [1] from US Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer.

Iran emerged as the other winner by salvaging its tarnished reputation in the eyes of its domestic public and sympathizers across the Middle East. Had Iran not retaliated against Israel’s attack or merely brushed it off with a few highly symbolic Hezbollah strikes in northern Israel, its credibility would have been severely questioned, and its classical pretext of “avoiding regional escalation” would not have worked. For Iran, this face-saving measure seemed to solve the problem. Moreover, Iran reiterated that its retaliation was in response to the consulate attack, referencing Article 51 of the UN Charter in its statement, thereby maintaining its commitment to avoid the war in Gaza, as promised to the US in the weeks following Oct. 7. So it positioned this move as outside the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict and stressed that retaliation should be perceived as such.

Who lost?

The civilians who face Israel’s genocidal undertaking in Gaza are on the losing side, as this episode shifted the world’s attention and redirected the role of villain to Iran.

Questions and speculations arise about potential Israeli strikes on Iranian nuclear sites and how Iran might respond to such attacks or how it will keep its regional weight on the ground alive through its proxies in Syria and Iraq. Such discussions move the spotlight from Gaza to another subject and risk reducing the Western media’s attention to and awareness of civilian casualties and various other war crimes. Tehran was thus played by Tel Aviv, providing the latter a much-needed escape valve in the war of narratives that Israel was losing. Furthermore, Israel, buoyed by the reassurance of Western pro-Israel bias, may feel unleashed to commit new war crimes.

Inseparable trio

While Iran’s retaliation may not have been a complete response to Israel’s consulate attack, it did earn a reputational advantage among sympathizers in the region, especially within the so-called Axis of Resistance. Tehran reinforced its image as an actor capable of directly striking Israel, a feat only accomplished by Saddam Hussein during the 1990-1991 Gulf War.

By the same token, Tehran’s emboldened status allows Israel to secure ongoing political and military support from the West, ensuring continued US presence.

This tripartite liaison reveals much about regional geopolitics, highlighting how the inseparable trio, [2] represented by the US, Iran, and Israel, are detrimental to the Palestinian cause.

Despite Iran’s claims that its retaliation was partially a response to the Israeli onslaught on Gaza, in fact it played into Israel’s desired narrative. Furthermore, this situation also provides pretexts for the US to maintain its military footprint in the region despite its withdrawal narrative, [3] which is popular among many American constituencies.

Iran’s response is akin to a plot from a Western film, characterized by intricate maneuvers. One actor conjures a sense of danger towards another without inflicting actual damage. Subsequently, the actor under perceived threat calls on a third party to assume the role of the sheriff, offering protection and restoring balance.

Meanwhile, Tehran emerged with an enhanced reputation among its target audience in the region even when Iran’s objectives, communicated through its proxies, namely a US withdrawal from the Middle East and an end to Israeli oppression against Palestine, remain unfulfilled.

In the Middle East, nothing is what it seems. What appears to the laymen as staunch enemies could be, in fact, a situation where these protagonists are aligned with their interests even if their declared goals appear conflicting.

*Opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Anadolu.

Israel still imposing ‘unlawful’ restrictions on Gaza aid, says UN rights office

Israel is still imposing “unlawful” restrictions on humanitarian relief for Gaza, the UN human rights office said on Tuesday, despite assertions from the occupation state and others that restrictions have eased.

Israel’s military offensive in the Gaza Strip triggered by the Hamas incursion on 7 October has turned much of the Gaza strip into a wasteland, with at least 1.2 million Palestinians now displaced and crowded into the southern corner of the enclave. Cases of malnutrition and starvation are on the increase, as famine looms.

The amount of humanitarian aid now entering Gaza is disputed, Reuters has reported. Israel and the US claim that aid flows have risen in recent days, but UN agencies say that this is still far below bare minimum levels required to meet basic needs.

“Israel continues to impose unlawful restrictions on the entry and distribution of humanitarian assistance, and [continues] to carry out widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure,” said Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the UN human rights office, at a press briefing in Geneva. She reiterated calls for unfettered aid access.

The apartheid state denies hindering humanitarian relief to Gaza, but has still faced increased international pressure to let more supplies into the Gaza Strip since it attacked an aid convoy on 1 April and killed seven international relief workers.

“Those delivering or trying to access humanitarian assistance must never be attacked,” added Shamdasani.

(Source: MEMO)

China says Tehran can ‘handle the situation well’

China has said it believed Iran could “handle the situation well and spare the region further turmoil” while safeguarding its sovereignty and dignity, referring to an attack on Iran’s embassy in Syria and its retaliatory strike against Israeli targets over the weekend.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Iranian counterpart Hossein Amir-Abdollahian via a phone call on Monday that China appreciated Iran’s emphasis on not targeting regional and neighbouring countries, according to the official Xinhua news agency on Tuesday.

Wang also said he noted Iran had described its actions as limited and carried out in self-defence. China strongly condemns and resolutely opposed the embassy attack, and calls the incident “unacceptable”, Wang said.

Saudi Arabia, China discuss Israel-Iran escalation

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan has discussed the latest escalation in the conflict between Israel and Iran and developments in Gaza in a phone call with his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi.

During their conversation on Monday, the two leaders also discussed the importance of joint coordination and efforts to prevent the aggravation of the situation, according to a statement by the kingdom’s Foreign Ministry.

Mideast tensions spike oil prices

Oil prices have risen amid heightened tensions in the Middle East after Israel’s military chief said his country would respond to Iran’s weekend missile and drone attack in reaction to Tel Aviv’s strike on Tehran’s embassy in Syria amid calls for restraint by allies.

Brent futures for June delivery rose 46 cents, or 0.5%, to $90.56 a barrel. US crude futures for May delivery rose 43 cents, or 0.5%, to $85.84 a barrel.

Oil prices had ended Monday’s session lower after Iran’s weekend attack on Israel proved to be less damaging than anticipated, initially easing concerns of a quickly intensifying conflict that could displace crude barrels.

SOURCE: TRTWORLD AND AGENCIES

Netanyahu shuns phone calls from Western leaders on Israeli response to Iran’s attack: Report

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu refused to receive phone calls from Western leaders because he feared he would be exposed to pressure that would prevent him from responding to Iran’s attack on Israel, local media reported Monday.

Foreign leaders tried to schedule talks with Netanyahu following Iran’s missile and drone attack on Israel on Saturday but were denied, according to the Israeli public broadcaster KAN.

It said Netanyahu only spoke with US President Joe Biden on Saturday.

Netanyahu’s office, however, did not comment on the issue, KAN noted.

Israel’s Haaretz daily quoted an Israeli official who said international pressure on Israel is big and significantly affects the decision over attacking Iran.

Early on Monday, Israeli army Chief of Staff Herzi Halevi said Israel will respond to the Iranian attack.

Iran on Saturday launched an airborne attack on Israel in retaliation for an April 1 airstrike on its diplomatic compound in the Syrian capital. It reportedly fired more than 300 drones and missiles, with almost all intercepted by the air defense systems of Israel and its allies – the US, France and the UK.

(Source: AA)

Israeli settlers kill two Palestinians in West Bank, officials say

Israeli settlers have killed two Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, according to Palestinian officials, after a weekend of escalating violence across the territory.

The Palestinian health ministry named the victims of the attack near Nablus as Abdulrahman Maher Bani Fadel, 30, and Mohammed Ashraf Bani Jame, 21, according to the official Palestinian news agency Wafa.

Salah Bani Jaber, mayor of Aqraba, a town near the northern city of Nablus, witnessed Monday’s settler attack. He said that about 50 settlers, many of them armed, attacked members of his community.

They “assaulted residents and fired at people in the town leading to the death of two citizens,” the mayor said, adding that “the occupation army is still holding the bodies.”

“There were Israeli soldiers at the scene who stood idly by watching the settlers,” he told the Reuters news agency.

The Palestine Red Crescent Society said soldiers blocked its ambulances from reaching the area and tending to the wounded.

The Israeli military said it was looking into the incident, telling Agence France-Presse “an initial inquiry suggests that the fatal shootings did not originate from the IDF.”

In a statement, it said “earlier today, the IDF received a report regarding a Palestinian suspect who attacked an Israeli shepherd in the area of Gitit.

“A violent exchange developed between Israeli civilians and Palestinians in the area. IDF soldiers were dispatched to the scene and operated to disperse the violent exchange.

“During the incident, two Palestinians were reportedly killed.”

On Friday, a 14-year-old Israeli shepherd, Benjamin Achimeir, went missing from the Malachi Hashalom outpost near Ramallah in the West Bank.

Over the weekend, hundreds of armed Jewish settlers raided Palestinian villages near the city of Ramallah, blocking roads, setting houses and cars ablaze, and firing at civilians, medics and civilians said.

The attacks intensified after Achimeir was found dead nearby on Saturday in what Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, called a “heinous murder”. Israel said it was a suspected militant attack.

The West Bank, which Israel has occupied since 1967, has seen a surge in violence since early last year, which worsened after the Israel-Hamas war erupted in Gaza.

The US state department has condemned the killing of the Israeli teen and also said it was increasingly concerned by violence against Palestinians in the West Bank.

In one incident caught on video and published by Israeli rights group Yesh Din on Sunday, a group of masked settlers appeared to set fire to a car in a West Bank town under the watch of at least three Israeli soldiers.

In response to the video, the Israeli military said: “The behaviour of the soldiers in the video does not correspond to the values and orders of the army. The incident is being examined and the soldiers will be dealt with accordingly.”

Since the 7 October attacks, the West Bank has seen stepped-up Israeli military raids, settler violence and Palestinian street attacks.

In a separate incident on Monday, Israeli forces raided Nablus, killing 17-year-old Yazan Ishtayeh and wounding three other people, the Palestinian Health Ministry said.

A spokesperson for Israel’s Border Police said that undercover border police officers together with Israeli soldiers launched an operation in Nablus to arrest a suspect. During the activity, there was rioting in which one person threw an explosive device at the troops and was shot dead by the undercover unit, the spokesperson said.

The Palestinian Health Ministry says at least 466 people in the West Bank have been killed by Israeli forces or settlers, among them armed fighters.

In the same period, at least 13 Israelis, including two members of Israel’s security forces, have been killed by Palestinians in the West Bank, according to an Israeli tally.

(Source: Agencies)

Iran vows ‘stronger, extensive’ response to any Israel attack

Iranian Foreign Minister, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, on Monday vowed a “stronger” and “extensive” response to any Israeli military attack, Anadolu Agency reports.

Speaking during a phone conversation with his British counterpart, David Cameron, Amir-Abdollahian said Tehran does not seek an escalation of tensions in the region, the Foreign Ministry said in a statement.

If Israel resorts to another military attack, the Iranian response will be “swifter, stronger and extensive”, he added.

Iran launched a barrage of drones and missiles at Israel on Saturday in response to the 1 April attack on the Iranian Consulate in Damascus, Syria, in which at least 13 people were killed, including seven military advisers.

In his phone conversation with Cameron, the second in less than 24 hours, Amir-Abdollahian said the crises in West Asia are “rooted in the destructive role” of Israel.

He also expressed “surprise” over Britain’s continued support for Israel’s killing of children and innocent people in Gaza, where nearly 33,800 people have been killed, terming the support “irresponsible”.

Amir-Abdollahian said Britain should be more concerned about bombs being dropped on Gaza than the Iranian response to Israel, which he said was “within the framework of the principle of legitimate defence enshrined in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.”

Cameron, for his part, “expressed concern” over the escalation of tensions in the region following the Iranian retaliatory strikes, and added that the UK is making efforts to have a ceasefire and prisoner swap in Gaza.

He also said the UK has urged Israel not to respond to the Iranian military action, as London does not want an expansion of war.

Speculation is rife that Israel is planning a retaliatory military action against Iran, despite calls from its Western allies to exercise restraint.

Earlier on Monday, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman, Nasser Kanaani, said Iran’s attack on Israel was “necessary and appropriate” and aimed at military targets.

He said the military action became necessary after a “lack of action” by the United Nations Security Council and also due to “irresponsible behaviour” shown by the United States, Britain and France.

(Source: MEMO)